Geographic Terms

20 Geographic Terms with Meanings and Examples

1. Latitude: The distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees.

• Example: The equator has a latitude of 0 degrees.

2. Longitude: The distance east or west of the Prime Meridian, measured in degrees.

• Example: The Prime Meridian has a longitude of 0 degrees.

3. Hemisphere: Half of the Earth, divided by the equator or the Prime Meridian.

• Example: The Northern Hemisphere is north of the equator.

4. Continent: A large landmass, often separated by oceans.

• Example: Asia is the largest continent.

5. Country: A political unit that occupies a defined territory and has its own government.

• Example: The United States is a country located in North America.

6. State: A political unit within a country.

• Example: California is a state in the United States.

7. City: A large and densely populated town.

• Example: New York City is one of the largest cities in the world.

8. Rural: Relating to or characteristic of the countryside.

• Example: Rural areas are often less densely populated than urban areas.

9. Urban: Relating to or characteristic of cities.

• Example: Urban areas are typically characterized by high population density and a developed infrastructure.

10. Climate: The average weather conditions of a particular region over a long period of time.

• Example: The climate of India is tropical.

11. Weather: The day-to-day atmospheric conditions of a particular region.

• Example: The weather today is sunny and warm.

12. Ecosystem: A geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work together to form a bubble of life.

• Example: The Amazon rainforest is one of the largest ecosystems on Earth.

13. Biodiversity: The variety of life on Earth, including all plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms.

• Example: The loss of biodiversity is a major environmental concern.

14. Desertification: The process by which fertile land becomes desert.

• Example: Overgrazing and climate change are contributing to desertification in many parts of the world.

15. Deforestation: The clearing of forests to make way for other land uses.

• Example: Deforestation is a major cause of habitat loss for many species.

16. Pollution: The introduction of harmful substances into the environment.

• Example: Air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution are major environmental problems.

17. Global Warming: The gradual increase in Earth’s average temperature.

• Example: Global warming is a major contributor to climate change.

18. Sustainability: The ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

• Example: Sustainable development is essential for protecting the environment and ensuring a prosperous future.

19. Natural Resource: A material or substance that occurs naturally and can be used by humans.

• Example: Oil, coal, and natural gas are examples of natural resources.

20. Landform: A natural feature of the Earth’s surface, such as a mountain, river, or valley.

• Example: The Himalayas are the highest mountain range in the world.