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### Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verbs are combinations of a verb with one or more particles (prepositions or adverbs) that create a new meaning different from the original verb.

#### Examples:

– **Look after** (to take care of)

– **Run out of** (to deplete or use up)

– **Give up** (to stop trying)

### Types of Phrasal Verbs:

1. **Transitive Phrasal Verbs:** Require an object.

   – Example: She **looked up** the word. (Looked up what? The word.)

2. **Intransitive Phrasal Verbs:** Do not require an object.

   – Example: He **woke up** early.

#### Common Phrasal Verbs:

– **Turn on:** Please turn on the lights.

– **Break down:** The car broke down on the highway.

– **Set up:** Let’s set up the meeting for tomorrow.

– **Call off:** The event was called off due to rain.

### Prepositional Phrases

Prepositional phrases are groups of words that start with a preposition and end with a noun or pronoun, known as the object of the preposition. They function as adjectives or adverbs in a sentence.

#### Examples:

– The cat sat **on the mat**.

– She walked **through the park**.

### Types of Prepositional Phrases:

1. **Adjective Phrases:** Modify nouns or pronouns.

   – Example: The book **on the table** is mine. (‘on the table’ modifies ‘book’)

2. **Adverb Phrases:** Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

   – Example: He arrived **after the meeting**. (‘after the meeting’ modifies ‘arrived’)

#### Common Prepositions:

– **Time:** at, on, in, during, before

– **Place:** under, above, between, next to, beside

– **Direction:** to, towards, into, through

– **Other relationships:** with, about, for, against

### Usage Tips:

– **Phrasal Verb:** “He **gave up** smoking.” (The verb ‘give’ combined with the particle ‘up’ creates a new meaning: to stop.)

– **Prepositional Phrase:** “The book **on the table** is mine.” (‘on the table’ functions as an adjective modifying ‘book.’)

Understanding the role of phrasal verbs and prepositional phrases enhances your command over sentence structure and clarity in communication.